In the months leading up to the brief but violent 12-Day War in June 2025, when U.S. and Israeli strikes targeted Iranian nuclear sites, Tehran […]
Žyma: Iran
The Iran War and the Indo-Pacific Cost of Selective Legality – E-International Relations
The widening U.S.-Israeli conflict with Iran is usually narrated as a Middle Eastern crisis. That is true, but strategically incomplete. Since the 28 February 2026 […]
Political Legitimacy, Monarchy, and Democratic Transition in Iran – E-International Relations
Restoration rhetoric often reappears after authoritarian crisis or collapse, but it should not be mistaken for democratic mandate. From France and Italy to post Soviet […]
The Geopolitical Implications of the Iran War – E-International Relations
Since the United States and Israel commenced their unwarranted and unprovoked strike against Iran, codenamed Operation Epic Fury by the US and Roaring Lion by Israel, the character of […]
How the Islamic Republic of Iran Can Be Transformed
Fears of repeating the regime change mistakes made in Afghanistan and Iraq are understandable. But Iran is not Afghanistan or Iraq; invasion is not needed. […]
US Bombing of Iran and the Transition to a New International Legal Order
In the wake of intensifying international suspicion regarding Iran’s nuclear ambitions, in June 2025 United States conducted a series of precision bombings against three of […]
Sanctions Resilience in Cuba and Iran
This essay will draw on the examples of the US embargo on Cuba and anti-Iran sanctions to analyse the internal mechanisms that lead to target […]
Iran at a Historical Crossroads
Iran’s influence across the Middle East has long depended on a network of allied militias and proxy forces known as the Axis of Resistance across […]